On
September 25th The Avengers
(2012) will storm onto DVD and Blu-ray across the world. The film made history
in multiple ways. It is currently the third highest-grossing film of all time,
and was the first theatrical film to combine the actors and characters of four
separate film franchises into one sweeping epic. The result was something to
marvel at.
Following
two Iron Man films and films for Captain America, Thor, and a revamped Hulk,
The Avengers is part six in the
ever-connected Marvel Cinematic Universe. Each character has a rich history and
the task of sorting out the complex, interweaving workings of the Avengers can
be a daunting task. Enter in Michael Mallory's authoritative,
exhaustive-in-research book Marvel: The Characters and Their Universe which was published in 2001 with a second
edition in 2007. This is the perfect source for garnering an in-depth
understanding of the Avenger characters and the Marvel Universe at large.
If
you saw the The Avengers (2012), and
even if you didn’t, you know that it builds to a climactic battle in Manhattan.
New York City (which David Letterman calls “The Greatest City in the World”) is
a nostalgic mother-land and was the birthplace of many Marvel comic-book
creators and a fitting location for their heroes to save the day. A quick
overview of some birthplaces:
Martin
Goodman and John Romita are from Brooklyn, NY. Joe Simon is from Rochester, NY.
Carl Burgos, Jack Kirby, Stan Lee, Gene Colan, John Buscema, and Sal Buscema
are all from New York City, NY. Likewise, Timely Comics (which became Marvel)
was head-quartered in Manhattan, New York City.
THE
AVENGERS – SOME ASSEMBLY REQUIRED
CAPTAIN
AMERICA,
dubbed “The First Avenger” by the 2011 film, was created by Joe Simon and Jack
Kirby 70 years earlier in March of 1941. Although Tony Stark is the first hero
recruited by Nick Fury in the Marvel Film Universe, Steve Rogers is
chronologically the First Avenger by a long shot. Simon and Kirby stayed with
the comic-book for the first year (58), but with WWII coming to a close, the
new writers could only keep Captain afloat for so long. As a result, the hero
faded out and the title officially ended in 1954. Characters like the Johann
Schmidt (aka the Red Skull), Bucky Barnes, and Abraham Erskine (all created by
Simon and Kirby) were featured in the 2011 film. Additionally, Rogers develops
a friendship with Howard Stark, which is a point of enmity between Rogers and
Tony in The Avengers (2012). Speaking
to Bruce Banner, Tony says, “This is the guy my father wouldn’t shut up about?
I’m starting to think we should have left him on ice.”
The
Tesseract (or the Cosmic Cube) is a source of unlimited power and the focal
point of The Avengers (2012). In Captain America (2011), Johann captures
the cube (originally from Asgard) in Norway and enlists the help of HYDRA to
weaponize the power source. Some of these weapons are recovered by SHIELD (much
later) and stored in their arsenal in The
Avengers - the weapons are known as Phase 2. The theme of “weaponizing” is
seen throughout the Marvel Film Universe and causes Steve to remark “I guess
the world hasn’t changed that much” upon discovering the HYDRA fire arms in
SHIELD’s floating fortress. At the end of Captain
America, Howard finds the Tesseract while searching for Rogers. The
Tesseract is kept by SHIELD and seemingly depowered until it awakens in The Avengers when Loki activates it as a
portal.
23
years after his debut, Captain America returned after a decade-long absence in
the fourth issue of The Avengers
(created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby). Rather than having the Avengers (Iron
Man, Thor, Giant Man, and the Wasp) find Steve Rogers and resurrect him, the
film updates the continuity by having SHIELD discover and house Rogers. Indeed,
Agent Coulson “watched him sleep,” or rather he was “there for the unfreezing
process.” After being asleep for 70 years, Rogers runs outside (at the end of his
solo movie) to modern day Times Square – a hint of things to come when Captain
suits up in The Avengers (2012).
THE
HULK
was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1962 a year after the two giants
began Marvel’s Platinum Age (a three year period in which most of Marvel’s
classic superheroes were introduced) with The Fantastic Four (189). After
starring in a groundbreaking, live-action TV show from 1977 to 1990, the Hulk’s
venture into cinema would prove as tumultuous and uniquely troubled as the
un-jolly giant himself. Ang Lee’s 2003 film was more miss then hit. Five years
later, The Incredible Hulk was
released two months after Iron Man in
2008, as a loose sequel to Lee’s original. The 2008 Hulk, however, featured an all new cast and creative team and is
Bruce Banner’s first official outing in Marvel’s shared universe.
According to the Official Marvel Timeline, the events of Iron Man 2, Thor, and Hulk (2008) all occurred simultaneously. What then is the time gap between these events and The Avengers? The best clue comes from Natasha Romanoff. In the film, Dr. Banner is ripped of his supporting cast and living in Calcutta. Natasha comments that Banner has been "a year without an incident," referring to the climatic battle in Hulk (2008). The following are additional signs that illustrate the year gap: The Stark Tower in New York is complete, Tony and Pepper Potts have a developed relationship, Tony is genuinely surprised to see Agent Coulson, and Jane Foster has been promoted within SHIELD (more on that later). And while the location of the SHIELD base at the beginning of the film in unknown, it's possible that it's the same base that SHIELD built around Thor's hammer in New Mexico. SHIELD declared that area a hot-bed for extra-terrestrial activity.
According to the Official Marvel Timeline, the events of Iron Man 2, Thor, and Hulk (2008) all occurred simultaneously. What then is the time gap between these events and The Avengers? The best clue comes from Natasha Romanoff. In the film, Dr. Banner is ripped of his supporting cast and living in Calcutta. Natasha comments that Banner has been "a year without an incident," referring to the climatic battle in Hulk (2008). The following are additional signs that illustrate the year gap: The Stark Tower in New York is complete, Tony and Pepper Potts have a developed relationship, Tony is genuinely surprised to see Agent Coulson, and Jane Foster has been promoted within SHIELD (more on that later). And while the location of the SHIELD base at the beginning of the film in unknown, it's possible that it's the same base that SHIELD built around Thor's hammer in New Mexico. SHIELD declared that area a hot-bed for extra-terrestrial activity.
There are a few references are made to Hulk (2008) in The Avengers
(2012) and all are revealing. Bruce comments, “The last time he was in New
York, I kind of broke Harlem” – Joss Whedon is wise not to state when this
happened. The theme of weaponizing is prominent in Banner’s origin. Agent Coulson
informs Rogers that Thunderbolt Ross forced Banner into re-creating the Captain
America, super-solider serum using gamma radiation to disastrous results. General
Ross means to weaponize the formula and create an army of super-soldiers. This
goes horribly wrong when Emil Blonsky injects himself with the defective serum
as well as Banner’s blood and transforms into Abomination. Thus, the Hulk and
Abomination “break Harlem” in a fight; Banner flees afterwards.
The Avengers (2012) features an ongoing joke about how Banner is able to control his transformation. Natasha suggests “yoga,” Tony proposes “a huge bag of weed,” and everyone including Nick Fury (Director of SHIELD) thinks the solution is “avoiding stress.” In a highlight scene, Banner reveals the secret. “I’m always angry,” he says right before transforming at will. This moment echoes back to the last scene in Hulk (2008) when Banner begins transforming in a controlled manner – his eyes turn green. Thus Banner could go “a year without an incident” where nightmares used to set off the beast in Hulk lore. While Bruce has developed this useful “parlor trick,” previous scenes indicate that he can still transform involuntarily when provoked to extreme angry or when his life is endangered. As Banner comments, “I put a bullet in my mouth and the other guy spit it out.”
THOR - Although Iron
Man appears in film three years before Thor in the Marvel Film Universe, the
reverse is true in the comics. After the success of the Hulk, Stan Lee searched
for something “bigger and stronger than the Hulk” (209) as a follow up. Lee
turned to Norse mythology for inspiration (which makes Thor the actual,
chronological ‘First Avenger’ by a really, long short) and in 1962 created Thor
with Jack Kirby and Larry Lieber (Stan’s younger brother, also a Manhattan native,
who scripted the series). The debut featured Don Blake as an
Arthurian-inspired, good guy worthy enough to posses Thor’s mighty hammer and
be transformed into the Thunder God. Later this origin was altered, and Don was
revealed to have been Thor all along.
In
Thor (2011), the name Don Blake is
referenced as Jane Foster’s ex-boyfriend. In addition, Jane and Erik Selvig
convince SHIELD that the depowered-Thor is really their colleague Don and
SHIELD releases Thor from captivity. “He’s a bit of a fitness nut,” explains
Erik after Thor beats up a plethora of SHIELD security guards. In the film,
Thor is not around long enough to necessitate a human alter-ego. In Thor’s
comic debut, the Uru hammer (also known as Mjolnir)
is discovered in Norway – the same country where the Red Skull retrieves the
Tesseract (in Captain America) in the
early 1940s. How the cube originally got to Earth remains unrevealed in the Marvel’s
shared universe.
Located
“at the edge of infinity across a shimmering rainbow bridge” (210), Asgard is
home to Thor, Odin, Loki, and the Warriors Three. At the end of Thor (2011), the bridge is broken, and a
bitter Loki falls into the abyss of space. In The Avengers (2012), Loki returns as the central villain. As Thor
says, “it’s not just power he craves, its vengeance.” The film continues the
saga of Thor more than any other Marvel hero, ironic given Thor’s entrance 40
minutes into the film.
After
the events of Thor, SHIELD digs out
the Tesseract from storage and begins to monitor its newfound activity in some
unknown, desert location, in the southern United States. Loki makes a deal with
a mysterious alien known as the Other to retrieve and trade the Tesseract for
full use of his alien army, the Chitauri. “They will win him the Earth,”
explains Thor. As the film opens, Loki and the Other use the Tesseract as a
portal and send Loki to Earth. But the portal is unstable and begins to destroy
the SHIELD base as Loki escapes with the Cube. Director Fury escapes with the
Phase 2 weapons (including HYDRA gun prototypes) and begins to recruit “The
Avengers.”
While
recruitment is straight-forward enough for Coulson, Natasha, and Fury, Thor has
to travel across galaxies without a rainbow bridge or a gatekeeper to help him.
“How much dark magic did the old man have to conjure up to send you here?”
inquires Loki of Thor, paying lip service to the portal dilemma. This
implication of dark magic makes the task of stopping Loki all the more
consequential. And unlike Thor’s previous outing where the Warrior Three came
to his partial aid, Thor is now without familiar faces – Asgard and human
alike.
In
The Avengers (2012) a picture of Jane
Foster receives a brief cameo. As Coulson explains, Loki’s attack motivated
SHIELD to move their prized researcher to a safe, secluded, location featuring
a “handsome fee” and a “private jet.” This seems to parallel the cost of an
actual Natalie Portman cameo. Erik Selvig’s role in The Avengers proves better written then his role as the annoying
skeptic in Thor. Loki uses
mind-control to turn Erik into “his personal flying monkey” (a reference not
lost on Captain America). Later on, however, the spell is broken and Erik
assists Natasha in using Loki’s Tesseract-powered staff (or “the glow-stick of
destiny” as Stark calls it) to close the portal.
And
what about this theme of weaponizing? Before he is killed, Coulson shoots Loki with a powerful gun. "We started working on the prototype after you sent The Destroyer," comments Coulson (in reference to Thor). The Avengers are distrustful of weaponizing (even Phase 2) because the technology may fall into the wrong hands. Should Nick Fury and SHIELD "build an arsenal with the Tesseract?" The jury says no, and the Tesseract, along with Loki and Thor, are teleported back to Asgard. In all this excitement, one thing remains: no one knows more about the dangers of weaponizing then Iron Man.
IRON
MAN
was created by Stan Lee (concept), Jack Kirby (character design), Don Heck
(story design), and Larry Lieber (scripter) in March of 1963. The group effort
is appropriate given Iron Man’s role as an Avengers founder and SHIELD
collaborator. With two films in Marvel’s shared universe, Tony Stark has the
richest back-story leading up to The
Avengers (2012). Modernizing AC/DC-loving hero for his live-action debut (in
2008) meant some location changes. Vietnam became Afghanistan, and Stark’s New
York mansion became a Malibu, California one. Stark, however, is no stranger to
the Big Apple. Flushing Meadows (in New York City) plays a big role in Iron Man 2, while the Stark Tower in
Manhattan is Tony’s main hub in The
Avengers (2012).
The
Iron Man films are largely concerned with Tony Stark developing an arc reactor
powerful enough to sustain the suit and the electromagnet that protects his
heart. Tony is a prodigy, a genius, and a technology expert. He chooses to put
his mind, resources, and wealth into developing the all-powerful Iron Man suit.
Tony’s first act of heroism (in the 2008 film) is to repay Yinsen who died
saving Tony’s life. Iron Man flies back to Afghanistan and saves Yinsen’s
village from Raza and his evil terrorist group called the Ten Rings.
Mr.
Stark is not afraid to kill, and the writers are not afraid to place him in a real
American war. The latter often brings hesitation because the writers wish to
respect the real men and women who die for their country. In addition, Iron Man
cannot end a war that is still ongoing after the back-page is flipped or the
credits role. Director Jon Favreau succeeds in giving Tony a brief and personal
role in the war without overstepping his bounds. Stark, after all, is a human
with weapons and armor. An F-22 Raptor has more destructive power.
Obadiah
Stane (later Iron Monger) and Ivan Vanko (later Whiplash) have a lot in common.
Both see the power and attention of Stark’s mini-arc reactor and Iron suit, and
both want it. Obadiah fails to create his own reactor and steals Stark’s. Ivan,
meanwhile, is able to work from Stark’s original design and create an arc
reactor to power his whip-like energy beams. The mini-arc reactor is the precious and its Stark’s baby. That’s
why Justine Hammer doesn’t want Ivan making drones. Anyone can have a drone
army, but a self-piloted suit with an arc reactor will turn a man into a god.
When
the palladium core in the original arc reactor begins poisoning Tony, he sets
off to create a new element. Using Howard Stark’s research, Tony succeeds.
Obadiah, Ivan, Nick Fury, and Steve Rogers are all connected to Howard Stark.
Obadiah was Howard’s old partner and the company manager. The evil Mr. Stane
arranged for Tony to get kidnapped in Afghanistan which would render Obadiah
CEO of Stark Industries. Ivan’s father Anton, meanwhile, collaborated with
Howard on the first arc reactor. But after sending information to the Soviet
Union, Anton was deported by Howard. In the opening of Iron Man 2, Anton dies penniless in Russia motivating Ivan’s
revenge. Howard was also a founding member of SHIELD and Director Fury knew him
personally. Thus, SHIELD has been in possession of the Tesseract since Howard
fished it out of the arctic in the 1940s.
While
Obadiah and Ivan sought to weaponize the Iron Man suit for their evil ends,
James Rhodes becomes a trustworthy ally to Tony Stark donning a weapon-heavy
version of the Mark II called War Machine. The US Government demanded Stark to
turn over the Iron Man technology. But as we saw in the Hulk (2008), General Ross had less then noble intentions when making
similar demands of Bruce Banner. Playing the middle man, Rhodey presented the
government with the Mark II suit, but not the secret to Stark’s new arc
reactor.
NICK
FURY
was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1963 and debuted two months after
Iron Man in the World War II, combat series Sgt.
Fury and His Howling Commandos. In Captain
America (2011), Rogers leads a group of five Commandos against HYDRA and
Red Skull sans the “cigar-chomping, nail-tough, wartime commando” (257). In the
1965 title Strange Tales #135 (also
by Lee and Kirby), Fury went from sergeant to colonel and became James
Bond-esque, Cold War spy. In the same issue, Fury was put in charge of SHIELD –
a secret, military, law-enforcement agency – and in 1970 the adventures
continued in Nick Fury, Agent of SHIELD.
In
2002, “Ultimate” Nick Fury was re-imagined by Mark Miller and Brian Hitch in The Ultimates #1 as a bald, black general
based off the likeness of Samuel L. Jackson. Here Nick Fury, as SHIELD director,
recruits the revamped Avengers to create a response team and stop a rampaging
Hulk. The Miller-Hitch creation inspired the Nick Fury of the Marvel Film
Universe, as well as the status of Hawkeye and Black Widow as SHIELD agents
first and foremost.
Director
Fury has appeared in every film of the Marvel’s shared universe except Hulk (2008) which featured a
post-credits cameo by Tony Stark. Fury’s biggest role was in Iron Man 2, and in The Avengers, he leads much of the action. In the film, Fury is
often seen consulting an ominous “council,” implying that SHIELD works within
government parameters when possible. Fury, however, frequently defies the
council’s wishes especially when they make a “stupid-ass decision.”
THE
AVENGERS
were created in 1963 (four months after Fury’s debut) by Lee and Kirby using
mostly Lee and Kirby characters. Rather than meeting accidently and deciding to
form a team, the Marvel Film Universe used the Ultimates storyline where Director Fury and SHIELD are responsible
for the “Avengers Initiative.” This wise update helps tie together four
characters from four franchises. Like the 1963 comic debut, The Avengers (2012) features Loki as the
central protagonist and his successful scheme to pit the Hulk and Thor against
each other.
THE
BLACK WIDOW
(the aforementioned Natasha Romanoff) was created a year after Marvel’s
Platinum Age ended in 1963 by Stan Lee, Don Rico (scripter), and Don Heck in Tales of Suspense #52. The 1964
character began as a Soviet spy and supporting nemesis to the newly created Iron
Man, and even recruited Hawkeye (Clint Barton) to her cause five issues later.
Like Fury, Natasha jumped around the Marvel Universe. She became the 16th
member of the Avengers in 1966, donned her trademark, black outfit in 1970’s The Amazing Spider-Man (#86), and became
an agent of SHIELD in the 1980s.
In
Iron Man 2, SHIELD instructed Natasha
to work undercover as a personal assistant to spy on Tony Stark and his ailing
condition. Natasha kept an eye on Stark Industries as Stark shut himself off
from the world to work on a new arc reactor. Later on, she came to Stark’s aid
when she infiltrates Ivan’s layer and reprogrammed the Ivan-controlled War
Machine into free operation. In The
Avengers (2012), Natasha is the lone, female hero and SHIELD field-agent.
She recruits Banner, fights a mind-controlled Hawkeye, and closes the portal to
the Chitauri army. Agent Maria Hill is another, notable agent of SHIELD who
works closely with Fury and the SHIELD helicarrier.
HAWKEYE, as mentioned,
is the last Avenger (2012) hero to
enter the Marvel Universe. He was created by Stan Lee and Don Heck (no
involvement from Kirby this time) in Tales
of Suspense #57 – also in 1964, naturally. Hawkeye had a small part in Thor (2011), making him the last
Avenger, chronologically, to be featured in the Marvel Film Universe. In yet
another example of consistency, Clint Barton, who was mind-controlled by Loki
for half of the film, is also the last hero to join the newly-assembled team.
There we have it folks – the Avengers have assembled and they cannot be stopped. Earth’s Mightiest Heroes have spawned Earth’s Mightiest Film Franchise. With a 1.4 billion worldwide box-office gross, The Avengers (2012) remains the third highest-grossing film of all time. Writer-director Joss Whedon is set to return for the sequel with its May 2015 release. In the meantime, Disney/Marvel is moving forward with Phase 2 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (and I don’t mean alien weapons). A third Iron Man is due for May 3 of next summer, followed by Thor: The Dark World five months later in November of 2013. 2014, meanwhile, will see the release of Captain America: The Winter Solider (in April) and Guardians of the Galaxy (in August) which will also be part of the Marvel shared universe. And to keep it all straight, Michael Mallory’s non-fiction opus Marvel: The Characters and Their Universe is a must read for any fan of the comic-book empire. It’s a collector’s dream and a Fort Knox of information. There should be a sticker that reads “SHIELD CLASSIFIED” stamped on it.
[End
Note] Michael Mallory is a Marvel expert with a Marvel name. The tradition of
using double-initial names for the alter-egos of heroes was popularized by Stan
Lee and became a trademark for the Man. The first ones were Reed Richards and
Sue Storm, followed by Bruce Banner, Scott Summers, Warren Worthington III,
Peter Parker and the like. Lee was producing characters at such a high speed
that the double-initials helped him keep track of the names. In a famous example
of renaming, the powers that be were on “B” overload and not fond of actor Bill
Bixby playing Bruce Banner on The
Incredible Hulk TV show, so Banner was renamed David Banner (126).
Caleb S Garcia
August 26, 2012